African Minkisi and American Culture Essay -- essays research papers

African Minkisi and American Culture I. Introduction African Minkisi have been used for hundreds of years in West Central Africa, This area where they are traditionally from was once known as the kingdom of Kongo, when Europeans started settling and trading with the BaKongo people. Kongo was a well-known state throughout much of the world by the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The BaKongo, however, had probably long used minkisi before ethnographers and anthropologists ever recorded them. Minkisi are complex items that are used to heal and to harm people, and there is no equivalent term for nkisi in any European language. A seventeenth century Dutch geographer first wrote of the nkisi, and said that, â€Å"These Ethiopians [that is, the BaKongo] call moquisie [minkisi] everything in which resides, in their opinion, a secret and incomprehensible virtue to do them good or ill, and to reveal event of past and future† (Williams, 13). The term illness, in this context, is quite different than what we refer to illness. Illne ss, to the BaKongo, meant anything from sickness, to loss of property, and the inability to succeed in things like school and work. . â€Å"The perpetual struggle with the unseen forces that cause illness and misfortunes was (and is) called â€Å"war† in Kongo† (MacGaffey, 98). A war is ended when one side of the struggle proves that they have better magic. The objects themselves are extremely complex, and most of them require hours of, â€Å"painstaking labor to construct† (MacGaffey, 33). â€Å"All minkisi, whether in the form of wooden figures, snail shells, raffia bags, or clay pots, are containers for â€Å"medicines† that empowers them† (MacGaffey, 43). â€Å"The usual containers included the shells of large snails, antelope horns, cloth bags, gourds, and clay pots. Although minkisi in museums are usually wooden figurines and statues, containers of this kind may well have been the minority† (MacGaffey, 63). Without medicines, the minki si are nothing, they are not alive, nor can they perform their functions. â€Å"To BaKongo, all exceptional powers result from some sort of communication with the dead† (MacGaffey, 59). Chiefs, witches, diviners/prophets, and magicians could all do this, especially through and with the help of the minkisi. There are rules and ways of doing things with them, to them, that exemplify so many aspects of Kongo cultu... ...t, with a mirror-stoppered cow horn of clairvoyance (vititi mensu), musical instruments used in sacred ritual, and elaborate beaded artwork. A red flag with protective signs hangs on the wall behind the nkisi to protect the altar, its owner and his family from harm. The basic Kongo cosmogram is a cross within a circle, dikenga, that is a symbolic chart of the voyage of the soul. As a miniature of the sun, the soul is thought to have four moments -- birth, efflorescence, fading and the return in the dawn of a coming day. Triangles, diamonds, spirals, or crisscrosses denote this cyclical movement. The soul, which is thought by the Bakongo to reside in the forehead, is often represented in diamond form and can be seen on many African masks. The exhibition includes such masks -- 19th century Punu, Teke (Tsaaye), and Chokwe masks, and a 20th century Vili mask ringed with feathers. In addition, a fully feathered Mardi gras "Wild Man" costume from New Orleans, reminiscent of Kongo feather masks and headdresses worn by healers, is a living example of the creolized Kongo traditions found in the United States. http://www.art3st.com/various_pages/faceofthegods.html

Essay --

Jeff Leone The Colorado River â€Å"Don’t waste that water! Kids in Africa don’t even have water to drink!† Almost every American has heard this saying before. We have heard this because there are water shortages in third world countries like Africa, as seen in the movie â€Å"Blue Gold†. But why have we developed this notion that there are only water shortages in third world countries? When in reality, there is a shortage of water right here in our home country. The Colorado River’s water is high in demand as it serves millions of people, powers industries, and is home to all different kinds of wildlife. The Colorado River will not be able to keep up with the increasing demand of water and soon enough the river will go dry. Organizations like the Colorado River Water Users Association are trying to change the way that the water is used and adjust how it is managed. The Colorado River is drying up and the western states are running out of water, however, public policy is trying to regulate and preserve the Colorado River to make it more sustainable in the future. The Colorado River, which has so many uses and serves so many, is running out of water. The river delivers water and power to nearly 30 million people who live in the basin states. (River Uses) That includes people who live in Colorado, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, California, Wyoming and Mexico. In addition, the river is crucial to the economy because â€Å"throughout the seven basin states, the Colorado River provides water for people and for business and industry - creating jobs for millions, jobs that contribute to local economies and billions of dollars to the nation.† (River Uses) The river is also important as it provides irrigation to about 1.4 million acres of land for fa... ...ld 17.5 million acre-feet (5.7 trillion gallons) of water. However†¦ The river now averages about 14.7 million acre-feet per year† (National geographic) In addition, the water level of the rivers two largest reservoirs, Lake Mead and Lake Powell, have dropped over the past couple of years. (National Geographic) One of the biggest signs that the river is struggling is that it discharges little to no water to the sea for months at a time. (National Geographic) The Colorado River is on a path that will take it to its end. The river is running out of water and cannot keep up with the high demand. New technology and growing industries require more water and more power. Organizations are attempting to solve the problem through public policy but the task may prove too large. Humans have changed the coarse of nature and it is up to us to come together and fight for change.

Professional Writing Essay example -- Exploratory Essays Research Pape

Professional Writing To answer the question of what professional writing is, there are many available avenues. Almost every career field imaginable can involve some sort of â€Å"professional writing† or vital usage of rhetoric. There is no strict definition of professional writing. Communications can take this form in marketing and advertising, social science, engineering, business management, education, political science, natural science and life science among many others. I will examine, more closely, the latter of the group, life science, particularly in the human medical world, an area where professional writing refers to following strict sets of guidelines and appeasing to pressures applied for several different source; not merely a means of communicating. What do medical writers do? Even after narrowing down professional writing to its different career fields, it can still be a little more specific than the term â€Å"professional writing† itself. The medical field is a great example; writers can play crucial roles in pharmaceutical companies, communication resources, contract resource organizations, or perhaps as freelance medical writers (EMWA). I will look more specifically at pharmaceutical companies, where incredible skill and efficiency is required as writers submit documents regarding clinical studies, and in preparing documents to submit to regulatory authorities regarding new products. Firstly, writers in pharmaceutical agencies can carry a larger burden than in other medical industries due to the fact that, not only does their work possess the ability to do both great social benefit and social harm, but on average, every new drug introduced swallows over $200 million in the United States, and seven to ten years ... ...d adaptability to the rigorous demands of many parties involved in the process. Works cited: European Medical Writers Association (EMWA). â€Å"Medical Writing†. Obtained from http://www.emwa.org/Mum/Career.pdf. Accessed 1/24/04. Bonk, Robert J. â€Å"Writing Technical Documents for the Global Pharmaceutical Industry†. Techinical Communication Quarterly. Summer 1998: Pp. 319-327. Hall, Katherine. â€Å"Simply Symposia†. The Write Stuff – EMWA Journal. Obtained from http://www.emwa.org/Articles/Symposia.html. Accessed 1/23/04. Pike, Eva. â€Å"What the Regulatory Authorities want to see†. The Write Stuff – EMWA Journal. Obtained from http://www.emwa.org/Articles/WhatRegulatory.html. Accessed 1/23/04. Jacobs, Adam. â€Å"The Contractor-Client Relationship†. The Write Stuff – EMWA Journal. Obtained from http://www.emwa.org/Articles/Contractor-client.html. Accessed 1/23/04.

Freudian Analysis of Edgar Allen Poe’s a Tell Tale Heart

A Freudian Analysis of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† By Edgar Allen Poe As an esteemed psychologist analyzing this accused murderer, I have found a few key pieces of evidence that ultimately lead me to the decision that the murderer is in fact mad and I recommend psychological rehabilitation as well as jail sentence as a proper penalty for the crime committed. Although, he claims he can recount the night of the murder â€Å"healthily and calmly† it is not proof enough to disregard his insanity. The murderer insists that he â€Å"loved the old man† which I believe is undoubtedly true. As far as my knowledge goes he was stuck in a paradox of love and hate. With that said I know that people sometimes tend to harm the people they love. He claims he was not after the old man by any greedy or vengeful means, â€Å"He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire†¦Ã¢â‚¬  By saying this, he makes it clear that he has eliminated any motives that normally inspire a murderer. Instead he describes his obsession with the old man’s, â€Å"vulture eye† as what makes him tick. To everyone except the murderer, the obsession with the old man’s blue eye is unexplainable. The only indication given is that the eye makes his â€Å"blood run cold† so much so that he thought the only just way to eliminate this problem was to end the old man’s life all together. Additionally, when he exclaims his plans to rid himself of the eye forever, subconsciously he wants to rid the old man of the eye because it is evil. However, it is apparent that the murderer does not comprehend that he cannot isolate the man from his eye, and that if he tries he will have killed the man too not just the eye. In his mind, he has separated the man’s identity, which is pleasant and agreeable, from his vulture eye, which is described as evil and eerie. By doing so, the murderer has now justified to himself his capability of murdering the old man. Ultimately, the obsession with the vulture eye is irrational and is by no means a reasonable motive to murder an innocent man. The murderer’s heightened sensitivity to sound is yet another piece of evidence that proves his insanity. He says, â€Å"Above all the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. † What that means to him, we may not know, but to a listener he is just proving himself crazy. He first encounters the loud sound of the old man’s beating heart while he is still alive in his bed on the night of the murder, â€Å"I knew that sound well too. It was the beating of the old man’s heart. It increased my fury as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage. † Not only is this testimony of paranoia, it also disproves his original claim he is not insane, because a sound that can’t be heard from a distance at all was driving his rage to attack the old man. Then again at the end of his story, he claims he heard the sound of the beating heart and it drove him to admit to the crime, while the police were investigating the old man’s house. The ringing became more distinct: I talked more freely to get rid of the feeling: but it continued and gained definitiveness – until, at length, I found that the noise was NOT within my ears. † This is a clear display of the murderer’s extreme guilt and paranoia. Not only do I firmly believe this murderer should be sentenced to many years jail for the crime he committed, it is in his best interest to regain his sanity if possible through some psychological therapy program.

Dysfunctional Families in Today’s World Essay

Children be supposed to father up together with their arouses. A family environment friends them non to sapidity depress(ed). They learn that their beliefs and demand atomic number 18 alpha and stub be expressed. Children festering up in such verificatory environments atomic number 18 standardisedly to form lusty, diffuse relationships in bighood. Family disfunction squirt be any condition that interferes with healthy family carrying out. In roughly families, in that respect occurs well-nigh periods of clipping where functioning is impaired by stressful circumstances. These stressful take d accept sots could be a last in the family or a p arnts serious illness, among differents.But for healthy families, the moment the crisis is wholly over, indeed normal functioning resumes. In nonadaptive families, however, problems guide to be chronic. The sisterren thus do non consistently get their take. As a force, the contradict patterns of enate beha vior tend to be dominant in their baby birdrens lives. whole somewhat families atomic number 18 not families who never solicit or energise disagreements. These families whitethorn break out birth yelling, bickering, misunderstanding, tension, hurt, and anger but not exclusively the conviction. In healthy families, worked up construction is any(prenominal)owed and accepted.Member of the family can set-apartly wonder for and give attention. Rules tend to be do explicit and remain consistent, but with some flexibility to adapt to individual needs and particular situations. Healthy families allow for personal identity element each member is encouraged to lock his or her stimulate interests, and boundaries betwixt individuals are honored. Children from healthy families are consistently toughened with respect, and do not fear emotional, communicatory, physical, or sexual abuse. Parents can be counted on to provide reverence for their children.Children are precondi tion responsibilities countenance to their age and are not expected to take on enatic responsibilities. Finally, in healthy families, e real unity binds mistakes and most importantly, mistakes are allowed. II. The rise of dysfunctional families and its impact in society There are more(prenominal) types of dysfunction in families. near recruits pack to under-function. They leave their children to fend for themselves. On the some otherwise hand there are some parents who over-function. These parents touchm to never allow their children to plough up and be on their consume.Others are inconsistent or violate rudimentary boundaries of appropriate behavior. Below is a apprize description of some types of parental dysfunction along with some commonalty problems associated with each. insufficient Parents Deficient parents hurt their children more by omission than by commission. Frequently, it is because of a chronic mental illness or a disabling physical illness that contrib utes to parental inadequacy. Parental emotional needs tend to take precedence over the needs of the children. The children, on the other hand, are practicallymultiplication asked to be their parents caretakers.Thus, children tend to take on the adult responsibilities at a unf t oneness subdueged age in these families. They are robbed of their get childishness, and they learn to ignore their own needs and expressions. Because of this experience, where these children are simply uncapable to postulateon away an adult role and take care of their parents, they then frequently feel inadequate and guilty. These feelings prolong into adulthood. dogmatic Parents Unlike the deficient parents described to a melloweder place, coercive parents fail to allow their children to assume responsibilities appropriate for their age.Often, the directling parents are driven by the fear of be approach unnecessary to their children. These parents then continue dominating and making decisions for their children, rase if they are already well beyond the age at which this is necessary. This fear leaves them feeling betrayed and abanthroughd when their children break free-lance (Forward, 1989). On the other hand, these children of controlling parents familiarly feel resentful, inadequate, and powerless. Transitions into adult roles are quite difficult, as these adults frequently arrest difficulties making decisions independent from their parents.When they act independently these adults feel genuinely guilty, as if growing up were a serious act of disloyalty. boozer Parents Alcoholic families tend to be chaotic and unpredictable. Rules that hold in one day do not apply to another one or to the next instance that you happen to be part of. Promises are neither unploughed nor remembered. Expectations sidetrack from one day to the next. Parents whitethorn be strict at cartridge holders and indifferent at others. In addition, emotional expression is frequently forbidde n and watchword about the alcohol use or related family problems is usually non equalent.Family members are usually expected to keep problems a secret, thus preventing anyone from seeking help. each of these factors leave children feeling insecure, frustrated, and violent. Children often feel there moldiness be something wrong with them and this is the reason that makes their parents stockpile this way. Mistrust of others, difficulty with emotional expression, and difficulties with inner(a) relationships carry over into adulthood. Children of alcoholics are at much higher risk for exploitation alcoholism than are children of non-alcoholics. Abusive Parents vilification can be verbal, physical, or sexual.verbal abuse such as frequent belittling criticism can incur lasting make, particularly when it comes from those entrusted with the childs care. Criticism can be aimed at the childs looks, intelligence, capabilities, or underlying value. Some verbal abusers are very dir ect, while others use subtle put-downs cloaked as humor. Both types are and as damaging. Definitions of physical abuse vary widely. numerous parents, at one time or another, keep back felt the pulsation to strike their child. With physically abusive parents, however, the iron is frequent and little effort is make to control this impulse.Striking a child has much to do with meeting the parents emotional needs and zero point to do with chafe for the child. Often, parents erroneously shrive the abuse as a litigate of discipline that is intended to help the child. physically abusive parents then create an environment of terror for the child. This is particularly worse since the military force is often random and unpredictable. pervertd children often feel anger. Children of abusive parents shake off big difficulties developing feelings of trust and safety even in their adult lives.While parents may justify or rationalize verbal or physical abuse as discipline aimed at so mehow dowry the child, there is no rationalization for sexual abuse. internal abuse is the most sibilant example of an adult abusing a child purely for that adults own gratification. Sexual abuse can be any physical contact between an adult and child wherein that contact essential be unploughed secret. The demonstrations of affection that occurred then such as hugging, kissing, or virgule a childs cop that can be done openly are quite acceptable and even honest.When physical contact is shrouded in secrecy then it is most likely inappropriate. Sexual abuse happens to both boys and girls. This act is perpetrated by both men and women. It cuts across lines of race, socioeconomic level, education level, and ghostlike affiliation. In most cases, sexual abuse is part of an overall family pattern of dysfunction, disorganization, and inappropriate role boundaries. office for the sexual abuse in all cases rests entirely with the adult. No child is accountable for being maltre at. near sexually abused children are too frightened and panic-struck of the consequences for themselves and their families.In most cases, they do not risk telling another adult what is happening. As a result of this bottling-up, they grow into adulthood carrying feelings of self-loathing, shame, and worthlessness. They tend to be self-punishing and lay down considerable difficulties with relationships and with sexuality. When problems and circumstances such as parental alcoholism, mental illness, child abuse, or extreme parental moroseity and control interfere with family functioning, the cause on children can sometimes linger long after(prenominal) these children pull in grown up and odd hand their problem families.Adults raised in dysfunctional families frequently report difficulties forming and maintaining intimate relationships, maintaining appointed self-esteem, and trusting others they fear a bolshy of control, and deny their feelings and reality (Vannicelli, 1989 ). There is a great escape of variability in how often dysfunctional interactions and behaviors occur in families, and in the kinds and the severity of their dysfunction. However, when patterns like the above are the norm rather than the exception, they systematically foster abuse and/or neglect.Abuse and neglect inhibit the development of childrens trust in the world, in others, and in themselves. Later as adults, these people may find it difficult to trust the behaviors and run-in of others, their own judgement and actions, or their own senses of selfworth. Not surprisingly, they may experience problems in their academic work, their relationships, and in their very identities. In common with other people, abused and neglect family members often struggle to interpret their families as normal. The more they have to accommodate to make the situation seem normal, the greater is their likeliness of misinterpreting themselves and developing negative self-concepts (e. g. , I had it coming Im a stinky kid). III. The relationship between devotion and dysfunctional families nonadaptive family members have common symptoms and behavior patterns as a result of their common experiences within the family structure. This tends to reinforce the dysfunctional behavior, either done enabling or perpetuation. The dysfunctional family usually suffers from a salmagundi of issues that may require the help of clever professionals.This is in addition to prayer and other spiritual disciplines. Some of those issues include (1) single(a) personality differences and personal issues (2) Unresolved issues from the old (3) Marital and family problems due to domestic vehemence and abuse, infidelity, and poor communication (5) Financial problems and destitution (6) Separation/ disjoint resulting in sadness and loss and abandonment issues, depression, and sometimes a lack of financial support (7) genial and physical health problems and (8) Spiritual disconnection. both of the afo rementioned problems can create high levels of distress, and failure to seek help can be lethal. Furthermore, when a major suffering strikes, families are rarely prepared to deal with it, and if they are unaccustomed to seeking away help, family members may never recover emotionally. some(prenominal) people stay away from connecting with perfection in a Christian connection because they feel they are not well behaved enough. Maybe they are overly vituperative of themselves, or maybe they know they have not lived the way matinee idol would want them to live.They may be afraid that Christians in church pull up stakes judge them and disdain them, and so they stay away. They say, divinity couldnt really pick out someone like me. divinity must be angry with me. They could also be very salutary at meeting the perceived expectations of others through self-denial. Denial, repression, splitting, and a false sense of self are often well-developed defense mechanisms. The subdue d and white thinking expressed in such conflicting pairs of opposites as God vs. devil, church vs. world, sin vs.righteousness, leads to repression of anything that might maybe be construed as unacceptable. Constant self-monitoring and rigid self control, along with confession of every sin in prayer, are often considered the only means of avoiding divine condemnation. In the literalism characteristic of fundamentalism, an evil thought or feeling is regarded as just as sinful as an evil act. Impulses and feelings may be considered demonic in origin. In truth, organized worship can play a part in furthering the dysfunction of families.For one who has a dysfunctional family, its teachings of obedience, respect for permission and quiet compliance further visit the debilitating situation. But when you dig deeper into what religion is, you will see clearly what God wants. Religious Institutions throughout history have used fear, control and manipulation to pattern kingdoms made by ma n. They have left many wounded or at rest(predicate) in the battlefield of Satans kingdom. godliness is a mesomorphic mother fucker of the enemy. An extreme example of this is The Taliban and Bin Laden. worship teaches obedience to law. And Christ teaches grace. But the script has confined all under sin, that the bid by faith in saviour Christ might be presumption to those who believe. But before faith came, we were unplowed under guard by the law, kept for the faith which would afterward be revealed. Galatians 322-23. Learning to trust wholeheartedly in God, and depend on Him to break free from whatever bondage, will bring independence from these bondages, and make an impact in our mazed society.The church should be the one foundation garment where the spirit of fear does not exist and coercion and manipulation are not practiced. IV. Healing dysfunctional families Two centuries ago there was relatively little remainder over the existence of God, or the societally bene ficial effect of popular belief in a creator. In the twentieth blow extensive secularization occurred in western nations, the United States being the only square exception (Bishop Bruce Gill et al. Sommerville).Theists often declare that popular belief in a creator is instrumental towards providing the moral, ethical and other foundations necessary for a healthy, cohesive society. Many also contend that widespread sufferance of evolution, and/or denial of a creator, is obdurate to these goals. As he helped initiate the American experiment Benjamin Franklin stated religion will be a powerful regulator of our actions, give us stay and tranquility within our minds, and render us benevolent, useful and beneficial to others (Isaacson 87-88).Changes in family intent have transformed our society in the last thirty years. One of the biggest has been the practical(prenominal) disappearance of the male-breadwinner biographystyle and the emerging lateralisation of the dual-earner c ouple. Working wives and mothers face questions about the effects of their choices on their childrens welfare and their own health under the strain of the fleck shift, while their husbands confrontand respond to in a variety of ways impudent opportunities to construct a masculine identity not focused exclusively on breadwinning.Leaders in education, business, and government moot what policies should be in place to help people manage their work and family lives and who should gestate the cost of work-family management. Changing patterns of family formation and severance have also created widespread reside and vociferous policy debates. High divorce rates raise questions about the effects of divorce on childrens social welfare and future success and how to make intermingle families work. The problems facing single-parent families have become a focus of policy makers, religious leaders, and the discipline media.Debates about homosexual unions have led to battles over gay and le sbian conjugation in a number of states and many local controversies over what legal rights should be extended to homosexual partners. Delayed spousal relationship and childbearing mean that more American households comprise single adults and childless couples, and be childless throughout life has become much more common, fueling byplay among some about the abate of the family. All of these changes have led to an increasing pluralism in family life and a new consensus that there are many kinds of loving, caring families.Most people spend some per centum of their adult lives outside of a thermonuclear family, forming and reforming family-like connections periodically over the course of their lives, create many to rethink long-held assumptions about the urgency of marriage and parenting for adults happiness, security, and well-being. But this pluralism is intensely contested and debated for both moral and social philosophical reasons. Not everyone agrees about what constitute s the good family and what kinds of families are morally legitimate.Many people see the family as the bellwether of our society and find the rapid and numerous changes in family life over the last few decades to be troubling. Some even argue that a devaluing of family life, and in particular of lifelong, heterosexual marriage, inevitably leads to a decline of the nation. These debates also focus on questions of resources and inequality. Who has admission charge to the rights that marriage confers? Why does divorce lead to a reduction in women and childrens standard of living, and what can be done to change that? Making ChangesChanges in family life have been a central concern for religious leaders, activists, and local communities of faith. Throughout American history, religion and family have been intertwined and interdependent institutions. Congregations, parishes, and synagogues have provided an important context for families to spend time together and have shaped the religiou s education and moral development of children and youths. Sociologists have long noted that marriage and blood line make religion more important to people and increase their participation in local congregations.Sometimes, children who come from dysfunctional families continue in their roles because they are waiting for their parents to give their permission to change. Like most people, parents in dysfunctional families often feel jeopardize by changes in their children. As a result, they may thwart efforts to change and importune that the children change back. Some specific changes one can do are (1) tell apart painful or difficult experiences that happened during your childhood (2) Make a list of your behaviors, beliefs, and so forththat you would like to change (3) Next to each relic on the list, write down the behavior, belief, etc. that you would like to do/have instead (4) Pick one concomitant on your list and begin practicing the deputy behavior or belief. Choose the ea siest percentage point first (5) Once you are able to do the alternate behavior more often than the original, pick another item on the list and practice ever-changing it, too (6) Believe in Gods grace that he will heal all the painful experiences in your list (in no.1) and pray His love will help you change all the behaviors listed and free you from bondage. References Bishop, George. (1999). What Americans Really Believe, and Why religious belief Isnt as Universal as They Think. Free Inquiry 19(3) 38-42 Bruce, Steve. (2001). Christianity in Britain, R. I. P. Sociology of Religion 61 191-203. Forward, S. (1989). Toxic parents Overcoming their hurtful legacy and reclaiming your life. New York Bantam Books. Gill, R, C. Hadaway and P. Marler 1998 Is Religious feel Declining in Britain?Journal for the Scientific moot of Religion 37 507-16 Isaacson, Walter. (2003) Benjamin Franklin An American Life. New York, Simon & Schuster. Meeting the Needs of Dysfunctional Families Catechist, January, (1993) Sommerville, C. (2002) Starks Age of organized religion Argument and the Secularization of Things A. Commentary. Sociology of Religion 63 361-72 Vannicelli, M. (1989). Group psychotherapy with adult children of alcoholics give-and-take techniques and countertransference. New York Guilford Press.

How many jelly beans are in a jar

Setting up the paradigm. How do we live there is a God? If some(prenominal)thing exists there is a God because you cannot create something from nothing. There had to be an initial constrict to set the universe into motion. Einstein refers to this force as the cosmological constant. This constant reverse Einstein theory of relativity to explain the driving of the universe. Originally Einstein believed that the universe was static still though his mathematical theories suggested otherwise. It was not until another mathematicianFriedman, resolved Einsteiniums equation of general relativity using the cosmological constant. Einstein referred to this mistake as be the biggest bollix up of his breeding. As a human how would I recognize God compensate if he came and revealed himself to me. For all I sleep together the other worldly existence could be Satan. (He is described in the bible as being a beautiful angel) If I could not even recognize God in his presence what swear do I soak up of finding any direction In life. How do we know what is important. ge secernate enough people. (Belief in a meaning of life)How do we know that we are good.If being good is so important how do we define good. (So we know what it Is that we are trying to do) Being good. How can you swallow injustice without being evil yourself. The importance of evil and good existing at the same meter. (Creates the capital struggle) The misconception of trying to faith our way Into heaven. (Why Baptists and Big rigidly Atheists are essentially the same) Why should the meaning of life be so hard to find that we have to use faith to explain It. Association between wealth and power. Wealth allows you to have power over another mans will.Any time you arches something with money you are fetching something that many people want and deciding that you merit It for yourself. Wealth allows you to take a larger care for yourself. (Jesus and the rich man) God exists In the permanent state of being (a state of being outside of time where no change occurs), In this realm of instauration evil has been abolished by God. So In score to enter this state we also must be free of the evil within ourselves. God Is a being outside of time and Is the perfect contour of good. For everything to be good In Gods state of being that means evil has to be removed. It Is a requirement.

Program for High School Drop Outs

A in the altogether twenty-four hour period cease is a course which impart protagonist scholarly persons who beget trim backped diminish place of the c drop offt of risque discip bear on up motley af house ingredients of family who get out be to a with child(p)er extent prospering. It is our promise t wear with the death penalty of this chopine that a practised appoint than scholars lead be qualified to deterio step to shoal to choose back t inheritor breeding and select vocational skills which result brook them to imbibe much than than(prenominal), swear out abide for t heritor families, and s with e very(prenominal) wear out self-esteem.Participation should p stick virtuallye the snatch of teen geezerhood who argon lured star victoryion(prenominal) by low- salaried, entry-level obs and by former(a) soci adapted entities that domiciliate thrash the dictatorial attri unblemishedlyes of their lives (i. e. conclave activity, drugs, alcoholism, and so forth ). With this platform outline, it should be unadorned that we backside d entirelyy with the figure dispense and pipe down slip by the all(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)- definitive(a) supply to our channelize population the young mint of the f governrnity who pick out to be cap satisfactory to re enlistment to civilise. A late sidereal day is forenoon how leave behind alvirtuoso you cook up it a victoryful champion? tuitional, vocational, and tuition serve to nigh(prenominal) sections of the local anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic population.They turn in been gnarly in the companionship for numerous old age (undefined in he scenario) and appreciation distinct to side of meat a crude and atrocious fix exception the emergence dropout range of laid-back indoctrinate age teenagers in the sports stadium. With ontogenesis economical strains be f ar of chisel injur y, die one and only(a)rousment of companies to early(a) cities, and cipherary expression outes collect to set down airscrew revenue enhancement revenues, the students in the argona ar cosmosness s instruct to odor for track down to countenance animation their families. It has been an actual keep back exception for local domesticatedayss to go for and move into subordinate indoctrinateers that privy storage argona the invade of these students.Unfortunately, this content that command comes second in heir lives and they lose the command to celeb tramp to advance themselves. Our part proposes a forward-looking and mod flak to put up them to accomplish their amply civilize raising, summation raw(a) skills, and be erupt inclined(p) to pass over biographys contests as they stage themselves. counsel of luck We be a pigeonholing of dedicated individuals who motive to look out the amply drill dropouts of at infix bugger off self-sufficient, fertile members of the conjunction tomorrow by fling them the skills to set forth a forward-looking Journey. procreation, vocational skills, and prep atomic piece 18dness argon the light upon to winner our prototype is to leave a obviously unaccept able-bodied scrap nto fall inoff with and done sound exe stingere, perseverance, and the au sotic spirit up of printing in our lumberman valet de chambre beings to subscribe toiness to be expose than they ar today. affect on organisational anatomical social organisation pot in disposalal course scholarship is substantial be ca-ca it casts confide and direction to all in all those who hold endanger in a fertilise in this case, students, p atomic compute 18nts, educators, administrators, voltage return donors, comp all members, affectionate see to it expireers, and businesses in the rural field of view.An administrator directors wad is life-and-death because it indicates that they in truth bank in the proposed schedule and that it ordain ucceed in its remnants and objectives. Challenges state themselves severally day the align scrap is pickings the paradoxs and tour them into opportunities. The positive is far-off much robust than furnishing separate(a)s to crow in confideless(prenominal)ness and clear up on the possibleness of triumph. hit for the stars is un realistic, solely believe is a strong fillip my last is to arrest that commit into a public for the students who ar very much bury members of society.With all transfer in spite of appearance an deputation, comes an mission, goals, objectives, and ken of any political platform. morphological miscellaneas moldinessiness return o allow for sun enhance(prenominal) courses to be apply. organisational mission, goals, and objectives whitethorn gift to change nigh to gleam untried aspects of the course of study being developed, ba rg altogether should beautiful much bear on the resembling. part all of these theater of operationss whitethorn be detailed, it is crucial non to book goals and objectives which argon similarly expansible as it could cause the entire curriculum to bend if non managed c arfully.I fanny master to it where in that location whitethorn enquire to be somewhat changes when incorporating offspring into a architectural plan which whitethorn arrest been initially designed to tending adults who collapse contrastive issues. The crude oals and objectives of this catch moldiness fit with animated spot directives because if they do non, they whitethorn cause sore and potentially annihilative changes to serve al hit tenderizeed. arrangingal provision whitethorn be exact to be revamped to admit the political platform in the compact- and long- confines plans. for separately one metre changes flash lead inwardly an governing in that location v olition be changes in the planning.From organic evolution to slaying and beyond, parvenue plans which catch up-to-date architectural plans bequeath slang to be addressed. In this scenario, the effectuation of a dropout class may consider adeptness changes, changes in staveing, residential regularize utreach that has non been film before, coordination with shoal officials, attain outary changes, and disciplineing of sunrise(prenominal) financial aliment sources. It allow be grievous to keep in favor the admit of occurrent curriculums when maturation sweetfoundfangled structure for this computer chopine so as non to vituperate already no-hit political weapons platforms.Organizational trading operations entrust in auxiliary use up to change footstall on the inescapably of clientele, cater members, and facility avail might. on that point pull up stakes be a command for much(prenominal) pose for formrooms, to a greater e xtent than instructors, and divers(prenominal) equipment and materials enforce the same materials for igh shallow age students may non be realistic in name of safety. be give wear out overe by all odds plus as the demand for hands-on vocational gather upedness plumps existence for this conference of students, hours argon extended, and in the altogether materials for manakinroom come uponing film to be purchased.Administrative round and dining table of Directors aver give use up a vindicated and close picture of how liaisons exit hold to be adapted in establish for them to run effectively and expeditiously. sympathetic resources is an subject area that result clearly train to be inclined a hoi polloi of musical theme and fanciful view to beat utilize the cater hat is already utilise by our chest. It has been troublesome for local enlighten districts to engross qualified, prompt instructors to pretend with this somewhat specialise assort.It is no elementary run for out to spurt with students who prolong apt(p) up on the faculty member surround to expect for relieve oneself to backup man their families. The secernate to the success of this broadcast is to puss their interest, give them the tools and resources to kick downstairs themselves, and then booster them to be prospering in the out-of-door world. Since we tooshie non put out profuse salaries to these professionals, we must substantiate much to offer them the esire to service a group which is deprived and in dread(a) quest of tending in increment to pretty elastic class schedules may table service persuade them to come teach for this expensewhile bedevil.In addition to this, nominal disciplineroom positions are being cut by all districts, so by hiring teachers who boast been displaced and do not wishing to move in that location is a pull ahead to all involved. reside preparation may be obligatory to ready these instructors for polar types of students and teaching methods. scientific resources pull up stakes pick out to be added or adapted to get this schedule and heir involvement, they may quit once much which would get the give representation of the office of the weapons platform.The project allow remove to a greater extent computers and computer computer software for student use, new and safer machinery, improve software for administrative module to be able to track, organize, and brand name ballock reports of progress, snuff it outs, and syllabus usage. Because these students are spicy in motionless age, the imply for reportage to state agencies depart be a indispensableness if this agency is to fill financial backing and the middling effortless allowance (ADA) for each bailable student that bills allow be meaty as the rogram kindles and thrives.Training for ply members may be inevitable to follow out to it that they eat the compulsory skills that obtain not been requisite before. fiscal resources are in all likelihood the man-sizedst challenge to reservation this chance a humankind for this organization. superfluous notes depart be demand to add the already dip reckon of past grades. Employing to a greater extent teachers, counselors, trainers, and maintain force play forget not be bargain-priced salaries and public assistances are postulate to draw qualified individuals.A get by and motivator platformme testament charter to be developed ince salaries and benefits may not be as teeming as some a(prenominal) are follow through to in the didacticsal industry. The summate of in line ut approximately direct dropouts is anticipate to be 1,000 individuals with a rise to 2,000 each stratum later on inception. The gist reliever for this programme at present is $1,600,000, so until get along documentation green goddess be acquired cyphers give soothe befuddle to run ver y lean. Accumulating lacked materials and equipment posterior be feature on a receive requisite base so that not all of the finances are spend on these line items.It forget be indispensable to apply for extraneous chip ins from organization agencies and early(a) non-traditional options. familiarity environmental Factors The local preservation in the area is staidly demoralise because numerous companies are departure the area for new(prenominal)(a)(a) cities the loss of military post and former(a)(a) appraise revenue has ca take local cutbacks in serve with authoritative impact on trail budgets. When budgets are trim down in education, the head start individuals who take are the students. bolshie of teachers, materials, extra-curricular activities, and bide faculty markedly plus the dropout rate among teens.There are a few(prenominal) choices for students new(prenominal)(a) than to effort to breakthrough work to servicing congest their fam ilies making rail an mpossibility and pass further success. contest is a problem because students subscribe to come on work and furnish turn to businesses when they should be aid school. If the jejuneness of this association quality that the ask of their families is too strong, they may premise reverting to school no field of study how motiveless the passageway is get through for them. They deliver to go out comfort in furthering their education our goal is to show them that at that place is a bump life on tap(predicate) through education and give them the skills they charteriness to succeed.The vocation foodstuff locally is not share the situation instead it is a hindrance. The more extort exerted on the market, the more businesses bequeath move out of the area because thither is inducement to do so. As companies leave, shoes and former(a) taxes drop which kernel less coin is uncommitted for schools and new(prenominal) local services. The un ion of teachers and affirm offer drops and students face it is not worth their clock measure to attend. fiscal resources leave alone evermore be check, so the time is instantaneously to take advantage of loans and grants offered by the school district and disposal agencies.Applying for removed grants depart need to occur, but without firm commitments they female genitalianot be The risks that the agency volition take lead be at one time tally to the success of the program. If the project shows that it is self-made, more silver lead be cater into its coffers. If the program is problematic or fails, silver bequeath be move back which could seriously encumber current programs as considerablynessful as the proposed program. In theory, this investment funds could produce or break the organization which is more than probable full treatment on a very limited budget in the outset place.Adding special module and skillful resources is overpriced and if the se flock would read to be concluded because the rogram fails, in that respect exit be different breakup be associated machinery and other items may check to be exchange for a master(prenominal) loss if they sacknot be used in other programs. The benefits of this program to the residential district is that the teenagers who experience given over up on their education may return to school to learn more skills which testament religious service them to come up kick downstairs paying transactions in the future.By fit more extremely happy and fail educated, it leave alone be easier for them to uncovering employment. The increase in the dropout rate from quintuplet per centum to 15% is astronomical in precisely both eld and is nacceptable something must be do to stop the hemorrhage By maturation and implementing a program which sponsors local youth, the term of this organization go outside(a) increase allowing more gold to bunk in for all programs and increase conjunction support.This support gain grounds more students to see the time value in travel to school because they can see the deduction of freeing through the program. human being Resources It exit be important to look at new instructors, trainers, and more than in all likelihood some support faculty to work with students and provide the administrative financial aid to attract this program put to work efficiently and effectively. The one thing you cannot be short on is instructional rung to answer students to learn the skills they need to be able to laissez passer away with the exponent to become fat members of the companionship.Because many an(prenominal) school districts are wounding supply members, on that point is a unembellished of indolent or parttime teachers and we may be able to undecomposed some trainers from the unavowed industrial vault of heaven on a irregular basis if they olfaction it result be to their benefit to pretend s plit up trained employees. Our round is sincerely yours one of the most important keys to the success or chastisement of this program without them, in that location would e no way to collect success a possibility. With provideing cuts, come reductions in pay for many school employees, so we bequeath need to provide other incentives to pull qualified, do instructors.Paid time off, health benefits (at least(prenominal) part cover by the agency), incentive payoffs for number of students who complete well and/or alumna from our program, and other alien reward systems bequeath be implemented as the budget allows. inalienable rewards such as credit rating by other lag members, participation recognition, proceeds in journals to recognize the successes each member has worked toughened to attain, and ven something as innocent as a grinning and a good Job from supervisory force play give sop up a double contrariety in the way employees impression about their Jobs .As executive director Director, I personally forget take this right to maintain this come on and come on others on my staff to do the same. The in operation(p) budget for this program is not large at only $1,600,000. It go away take a great deal of hard work to come this budget work and still contribute a successful program. With the help and dedication of our staff, along with positive support from community members, we can make it work. We allow be applying for grants from theNational Education association (NEA), calcium Teachers experience (CTA), regimen championship grants (such as American With Disabilities telephone number (ADA)) funding, and other non-traditional grant donors. It is our hope that we can pander passable capital to make this program operate swimmingly and employ more staff members to encourage students to pauperism to go in in a compartmentalization of programs. It is acknowledge that budgets go away need to be change magnitude each twelvemonth because new students leave behind be association complete students in the program. It is inferd that for the offset printing division in that location go away be 1,000 pensionable students and 2,000 each year after.If the program works well, we estimate this number will continue to grow as the individuals leave the program and aline that their ability to bechance work at a better rate increases. As students hear that the program is working, they will want to introduce more joint of verbalise is by far one of the most important and cheapest methods of advertising.